Specifically, it was found that the inferior frontal cortex, the striatum, cerebellum, and the hippocampus, as well as the lateral prefrontal cortex, were associated with different neuropsychological functions including the speed of processing, mnemonic, processing speed, and executive performance. found distinct patterns of atypical resting-state signals and functional connectivity that predicted cognitive functioning in the offspring of parents with BD in the HR and UHR stages. Īmong the few studies regarding the neuroimaging underpinnings in HR and UHR, Lin et al. Although some researchers also found changes in the corticolimbic, striatal and cerebellar resting-state functional connectivity patterns among unaffected relatives of BD patients, prior findings were limited, inconsistent, and negative. For instance, consistent findings consistently found abnormal resting-state functional connectivity patterns among the corticolimbic and cerebellar networks among BD patients. Although there is increasing research pertaining to the behavioral outcomes, previous brain studies are still focusing on BD while HR and UHR individuals are often overlooked. Given that it is best to prevent and intervene at earlier stages, there is an emerging need to investigate the predictive factors particularly the neuroanatomical underpinnings of early BD syndromes. The findings suggested that specific diffusivity (RD and MD) of cerebellar tracts (e.g., cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract) revealed differences between groups at different BD stages which is helpful in detecting the trajectory changes in BD syndromes in the early stages of BD, particularly when the BD syndromes start from HR stage. Moreover, logistic regression results showed that the specific diffusivity measures of cerebellar tracts (e.g., cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract), particularly the RD and MD revealed differences between groups at different BD stages after controlling for the covariates. ANCOVA results showed that the HR group had significantly reduced mean diffusivity (MD) ( p = 0.043) and radial diffusivity (RD) ( p = 0.039) of the left portico-ponto-cerebellar tracts when compared with the BD group.

Their demographics, clinical characteristics, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data were collected. A total of 221 participants who were recruited from the Guangzhou Brain Hospital and the community were categorized into four groups: NC (healthy control) ( N = 77), high risk (HR) ( N = 42), ultra-high risk (UHR) ( N = 38), and bipolar disorder (BD) ( N = 64) based on a list of criteria. This study examined the structural brain differences across individuals of different BD stages and the risks of developing bipolar disorder (BD) associated with these brain differences.

Structured clinical interview scid